to ratify /ˈrætəˌfaɪ/ /ˈrætɪfaɪ/
to confirm /kənˈfɜrm/ /kənˈfɜːm/
to affirm /əˈfɜːrm/ /əˈfɜːm/
to certify /ˈsɜːrtɪfaɪ/ /ˈsɜːtɪfaɪ/